This paper examines the movements in EU unemployment from two perspectives: (a) the NRU/NAIRU perspective, in which … unemployment movements are attributed largely to changes in the long-run equilibrium unemployment rate and (b) the chain …-reaction perspective, in which unemployment movements are viewed as the outcome of the interplay between labor market shocks and prolonged …

accounts: a retirement account (covering pensions), an unemployment account (covering unemployment support), a human capital … may be expected to play a substantial role in reducing unemployment, encouraging labour force participation, promoting …

This paper offers a reappraisal of the inflation-unemployment tradeoff, based on ?frictional growth,? describing the … effects. Although our theory contains no money illusion, no permanent nominal rigidities, and no departure from rational … expectations, there is a long-run inflation-unemployment tradeoff. Our empirical analysis suggests that this Phillips curve may be …

The paper empirically examines three possible reasons for the high and rising unemployment of low-skilled employees in …