software industry. We focus on two key aspects: patent portfolio size which affects bargaining power in patent disputes, and … the fragmentation of patent rights (.patent thickets.) which increases the transaction costs of enforcement. We develop a …

technological exhaustion. We first develop an index of patent ‘quality’ using detailed information on patents in the U.S. in seven …We analyse the determinants of the decline in measured research productivity (the patent/R&D ratio) using panel data on … manufacturing firms in the U.S. for the period 1980-93. We focus on three factors: the level of demand, the quality of patents, and …

software industry. We focus on two key aspects: patent portfolio size which affects bargaining power in patent disputes, and … the fragmentation of patent rights (.patent thickets.) which increases the transaction costs of enforcement. We develop a …

identify unique patterns of knowledge flows (based on patent citations), which provide information about whether “spilled …