technological exhaustion. We first develop an index of patent ‘quality’ using detailed information on patents in the U.S. in seven …We analyse the determinants of the decline in measured research productivity (the patent/R&D ratio) using panel data on … manufacturing firms in the U.S. for the period 1980-93. We focus on three factors: the level of demand, the quality of patents, and …

This paper studies how patent rights and price regulation affect how fast new drugs are launched in different countries … duration and content of patent and price control regimes. Price regulation strongly delays launch, while longer and more … extensive patent protection accelerates it. Health policy institutions, and economic and demographic factors that make markets …

This paper investigates the effect of the threat and occurrence of patent litigation on the private value of patent … protection. Potential challenges are introduced into a renewal model as a factor in patentee decisions as to whether a patent is … worth maintaining. The model yields testable predictions about renewal probabilities. Data for post WWII German patents …

How much should governments subsidize the development of new clean technologies? We use patent citation data to … production and transportation. We introduce a new methodology that takes into account the whole history of patent citations to … capture the indirect knowledge spillovers generated by patents. We find that conditional on a wide range of potential …

heterogeneous, being much higher for valuable patents and for patents owned by individuals and smaller firms. Thus the patent system …We study the determinants of patent suits and their outcomes over the period 1978- 1999 by linking detailed information … from the U.S. patent office, the federal court system, and industry sources. The probability of being involved in a suit is …