Testing for normality is of paramount importance in many areas of science since the Gaussian distribution is a key hypothesis in many models. As the use of semi–moments is increasing in physics, economics or finance, often to judge the distributional properties of a given sample, we propose a...

The CAPM is generally contested on an empirical basis.The tests conducted with data from financial markets do not generally imply the acceptance of the model as describing correctly the range of expected returns. When regressing returns of individual assets on the market portfolio, R2 are...