Do trade integration and fiscal competition contribute to shape the economic landscape? The answer is yes. This paper … 1990-1998 to address this question. Brazil is a natural case study because this country liberalized trade during the 1990s … and their sub-national governments engaged in a fiscal dispute. Econometric results show that trade liberalization has had …

tougher competition leads to higher productivity and higher welfare and hints at an additional source of gains from trade as … long as freer trade fosters competition. …

North-North and North-South regional trade initiatives have been documented in several studies. However, empirical evidence … increased economic integration. We find that preferential trade liberalization has fostered the influence of factors underlined … by the recent trade theories, such as economies of scale and inputoutput linkages, relative to comparative advantage …

Trade policy changes are likely to result in a reallocation of resources across sectors and space. Over the past two … decades, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay have implemented unilateral trade liberalization programs and formed a …