This article estimates the effect of visa restrictions on bilateral trade flows and foreign direct investment (FDI …, which is detrimental to trade and FDI. Employing a standard gravity-type model in a global dyadic country sample, I estimate … place by the partner country, this lowers bilateral trade and FDI by up to 19 and 25 per cent, respectively. If both …

Since changes in trade openness are typically confounded with other factors, it has been difficult to identify the … labor market consequences of increased international trade. The advent of the United States Interstate Highway System … provides a unique policy experiment, which I use to identify the effect of reducing trade barriers on the relative demand for …

of functions, but whose central purpose is trade. …

Since changes in trade openness are typically confounded with other factors, it has been difficult to identify the … labor market consequences of increased international trade. The advent of the United States Interstate Highway System … provides a unique policy experiment, which I use to identify the effect of reducing trade barriers on the relative demand for …

minimum wage and trade unions) continues to offer the best explanation for the observed patterns of change. …

particular, and in contrast with estimates of the trade effect of other currency unions, we find that the impact of the euro on … trade has been close to zero. After reviewing the costs and benefits, we conclude with some open questions on normative and …