characteristics and efficiency as the main determinants of their productivity. The application of this analysis to the European market … shows that productivity differences among flag carriers could explain the governments' different views about deregulation at …

This article introduces our project on the relationship between railways and real income levels across European regions …, highlighting the need to drill deeper into the changing directional effects of railways on income, the importance or necessity of …

consistent. Furthermore, two kinds of asymptotic efficiency of the selected model are proved. Both simulated and real data are …

Although there is evidence that CO2-efficiency enhancing innovations in one country diffuse into other countries to … the strength of cross-border CO2-efficiency interdependence working through import ties and inward foreign direct … investment (FDI) stocks is greater in (a) countries with lower existing levels of domestic CO2-efficiency and (b) countries with …

services, the greater the potential for economic efficiency and growth. There is, however, little empirical evidence to … governments with their own revenue source respond better to local demands and promote greater economic efficiency. …

. In the special case of a nonparametric regression subject to time series errors our estimator achieves efficiency …