offset schemes. We examine the "first principles" of spatial design to maximise flexibility and to minimise costs, including …

. The main argument in favor of subsidizing owner-occupied housing is that it creates positive externalities that offset … these adverse effects. This paper tests whether homeowners create positive externalities to their immediate neighbourhood … instrumental variables we find no evidence of positive externalities from neighbourhood homeownership rate. This result is robust …

’s opportunity costs potentially boosts the upfront investment as does shifting liability to the seller but not beyond first …. Buyer liability for loss of a carbon sink is shown to yield an inefficiently low level of sequestration. Yet it remains … higher than the case where liability is neither allocated to the buyer nor the seller. Indexing contract prices to the seller …

by the international oil pollution liability conventions, focusing on the admissibility of reinstatement costs and the …The civil liability regime for ship-source oil pollution stands at the forefront of rule development for transnational … environmental compensation, advancing private law remedies to enable national victims of oil spill damage to make financial claims …

approaches, and issues regarding the link between medical technology and costs. Selected articles were reviewed and relevant … costs, factors influencing this relationship, and methodological challenges in measuring such linkages. A total of 86 …, patient population, and the methodological approach employed. Moreover, the impact of technology on costs differed across …

collection of costs data. Multivariate analyses of cost variations were carried out for 930 adults with intellectual disabilities … costs. Higher costs were associated with more severe intellectual disabilities and more challenging behaviour. Sector and …

that individual and group psychotherapy have similar outcomes. In this study we compare the costs and cost-effectiveness of … treatments. Total mean costs of individual therapy were found to be £1246 greater than for group therapy. Costs as they would …