In contemporary times, hundi has collected countless labels; the international press has spurned innumerable villainous … amongst Indian merchants, this paper attempts to tackle much of the confusion and many misconceptions surrounding hundi. The … of functions, but whose central purpose is trade. …

The article explores the link between international economic integration and technological capability in colonial India …. The example of the iron industry shows that many new ideas and skills flowed into India from Europe, but not all met with …

camps grow and develop over time, they evolve their own unique form of urbanism that is still un-urban. This article … challenges this idea of the camp as space of pure biopolitics and explores the politics of space in the refugee camp using urban … draws connections between refugee camps and other spaces of urban marginality, and suggests that refugee spaces can be seen …

Why are some cities specialised and others diversified? What are the advantages and disadvantages of urban … specialisation and diversity? To what extent does the structure of cities, and the activities of the firms and people in them, change … over time? How does the sectoral composition of cities and influence their evolution? To answer these and related questions …

We document and then develop a model explaining and relating changes in firms'' organisation and in urban structure … costs, while congestion increases with city size. A fall in the costs of remote management leads to a shift in urban … structure, from a configuration where cities specialise by sector and host integrated headquarters and production plants, to a …

To identify communication externalities in French cities, we exploit a unique survey recording workplace communication … of individual workers. Our hypothesis is that in larger and/or more educated cities, workers should communicate more. In …

specialised cities coexist. New products are developed in diversified cities, trying processes borrowed from different activities …. On finding their ideal process, firms switch to mass-production and relocate to specialised cities with lower costs. When … in equilibrium, this configuration welfare-dominates those with only diversified or only specialised cities. We find …

London is one of the world’s major cities, and one of its most diverse. London’s cultural diversity is widely seen as a … various links between urban cultural diversity and innovation, at individual, firm and urban level. This paper uses a sample … particularly important for ideas generation, reaching international markets and serving London’s cosmopolitan population. …

models that capture these first and second nature economic geographies. The presence of increasing returns to scale in cities … leads to urban structures that are not optimally sized. This depresses the return to job creation, possibly retarding …