process has been the creation in 2010 of the UN Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women, known as UN Women …, which came into operation on January 1, 2011. UN Women incorporates four existing parts of the UN system dealing with women … and has been styled as the new UN “gender architecture.” In this article we consider the implications of this new …

poverty compels work whereas a positive wage elasticity would favour the alternative view that children work because the … boys, consistent with the view that boys work on account of the compulsions of poverty. This is less clear in the case of … requires alleviation of the poverty of their households. Trade sanctions or bans on child labour may have deleterious …

This paper tests if gender-discrimination in grading affects pupils' achievements and course choices. I use a unique … during high school. Based on double-differences, the identification of the gender bias in grades suggests that girls benefit …

Labour market discrimination against women and parental discrimination against daughters are two of the most commonly … cited explanations of the gender gap in education in developing countries. This study empirically tests the labour market …. Using the Blinder-Oaxaca method, the gross gender difference in earnings is decomposed into the part that is explained by …

-efficacy differed significantly between boys and girls when youth and gender identities were emphasized but not when stressing personal …

National Business Survey. I construct measures of diversity and sameness across ethnicity and gender 'bases', alongside …

. Childhood disadvantage has more powerful legacies for women than for men: pathways to social exclusion are gendered. Experiences … childhood disadvantage for women is mediated through lone motherhood. There are strong continuities and interconnections across … disadvantage at age 33 and the legacies of divorce are more powerful for women. The implications for our understanding of the …

Objectives: To characterise the experiences of heterosexual men and women living with HIV post-diagnosis and explain …: 41 HIV-infected heterosexual men and women aged 18 years or older Results: People living with HIV have divergent … diagnosis in the context of living in a slum setting. Men and women living with HIV in slums are poorly supported by health …