people with children and people without children. Childcare subsidies should increase working hours in the economy and these … effects should differ between people with children and people without children. Public support to families is also expected to … working hours are weak and insignificant. In regressions with time spent caring for children as a dependent variable, the …

, there are strong links between female employment, having children and union formation. By undertaking a detailed micro … techniques we estimate a five-equation model, which includes birth events, union formation, union dissolution, employment and non-employment …. We find that transitions in and out of employment for men are relatively independent of other transitions. In contrast …

This paper investigates why children work by studying the wage elasticity of child labour supply. Incorporating … poverty compels work whereas a positive wage elasticity would favour the alternative view that children work because the …

household is associated with no variation in parents¿ labor supply. I also find a strong negative externality among children: as … labor to the children in the household, consistent with a model of household labor supply with fully altruistic parents. … in child labor I use State-specific child labor laws. I find that a rise in the proportion of working children by …

This paper examines how the quality of formal early childhood education and care is associated with children … Schools Census and the Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (Ofsted) dataset on inspections (2010 …-11). The results suggest that children from disadvantaged background have access to better qualified staff. However, services …

The concept of social exclusion has been widely debated in Europe but its application to children has seen relatively … little discussion. What could be meant by exclusion of children is the first main theme of the paper. Among other things, I … exclusion of children. The second main theme is the use of the concept of exclusion in the USA, where in contrast to Europe it …

This paper presents evidence on gender segregation in employment contracts in 15 EU countries, using micro data from …

We examine the implications of tax and subsidy policies for employment in the “three worlds of welfare”, Anglo …-Saxon, Continental European and Scandinavian. We argue that home production is key to a proper evaluation of the employment outcomes …. Anglo-Saxon lowsupport policies encourage more overall market employment. Continental transfer policies encourage more home …