attendance. In this paper we use families with several children to correct for unobserved time-invariant family fixed effects … families, but are not a direct result of income. Controlling for observable family characteristics is a useful first step. But …

in working hours across countries. In this paper I test whether public programmes for family support play a role in … explaining this variation. I analyse two types of policies: childcare subsidies and family cash benefits. I distinguish between … people with children and people without children. Childcare subsidies should increase working hours in the economy and these …

This paper examines how the quality of formal early childhood education and care is associated with children … Schools Census and the Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (Ofsted) dataset on inspections (2010 …-11). The results suggest that children from disadvantaged background have access to better qualified staff. However, services …

association between childhood family income and later adult earnings. We seek to account for the level of income persistence in …

The concept of social exclusion has been widely debated in Europe but its application to children has seen relatively … little discussion. What could be meant by exclusion of children is the first main theme of the paper. Among other things, I … exclusion of children. The second main theme is the use of the concept of exclusion in the USA, where in contrast to Europe it …

household heads, care-givers of children, and their teachers and schools. We analysed results from 9,947 children, aged 7 …-17, tested for literacy and numeracy competency. Only 27% of children were able to add two single digits, and just 19% were able … to read and comprehend a simple word. Our unannounced school checks found 72% of enrolled children in grades 1 …