senescence. Therefore the impact of unions on productivity, financial performance and investment is extremely important. This … to use theory to predict unambiguously any union effect on productivity because unions can both enhance and detract from …If the presence of a union in a workplace or firm raises the pay level, unless productivity rises correspondingly …

, major weaknesses with respect to long-run investment in human capital, infrastructure and innovation remain. These are …

Business support policies designed to raise productivity and employment are common worldwide, but rigorous micro … positive program treatment effect on employment, investment and net entry but not on TFP. OLS underestimates program effects …,300 suggesting that in some respects investment subsidies can be cost effective. …

three questions (a) What is the source of knowledge flows? (b) To what extent do such flows contribute to productivity …

, decentralisation made government more responsive by re-directing public investment to areas of greatest need. In Colombia …, municipalities increased investment significantly as decentralisation deepened, while running costs fell. In both countries …, investment shifted from economic production and infrastructure to social services and human capital formation. Resources were …

, decentralization made government more responsive by re-directing public investment to areas of greatest need. In both countries …, investment shifted from infrastructure to primary social services. In both, it was the behavior of smaller, poorer, more rural …

The spatial dispersion of public investment constitutes one of the principal elements and also one of the key issues … concerning a country’s strategic regional development. Public investment expenditure represents in part the ‘social wage … public investment in Greek prefectures (NUTS 3) over the period 1976-2005. It seeks to highlight the spending pattern …

We utilise a large database on public investment at the prefecture (NUTS-3) level in Greece for the period 1976-2008 to … examine the spatial and functional allocation of public investment in the country. We investigate the extent to which … expenditures in different types of public investment are complementary across space and over time and examine their redistributive …