The global financial crisis that began in mid-2007 has renewedconcerns about financial instability and focused attention onthe fundamental role of central banks in preventing andmanaging systemic crises. In response to the turmoil, centralbanks have made extensive use of both new and existing...

While systemic risk—the risk of wholesale failure of banksand other financial institutions—is generally consideredto be the primary reason for supervision and regulation of thebanking industry, almost all regulatory rules treat such risk inisolation. In particular, they do not account for...

Since 1 January 1999 the European Central Bank (ECB) has had sole responsibility for monetary policy in the euro area. Its main aim is to maintain price stability over the medium term. It is completely independent. The ECB has been successful in maintaining price stability and well-anchored...