This paper uses recently digitised samples of apprentices and masters in London and Bristol to quantify the practice of apprenticeship in the late 17th century. Apprenticeship appears much more fluid than is traditionally understood. Many apprentices did not complete their terms of indenture;...

This paper reviews some issues relevant to the delivery of public services. Itreviews some of the debates and flags some issues that are significantworldwide, especially in Africa. It emphasises how the debate has movedalong in terms of defining the relative responsibilities of the public...

Tens of thousands of young people leave school with no or very few qualifications inEngland. This paper seeks to build a fuller picture of Key Stage 4 low achievementand its correlates than available hitherto. We focus on three aspects. Firstly, the role ofstudents’ personal characteristics,...