In this paper we use insights from organizational economics and financialregulation to study the optimal architecture of supervision. We suggest that thenew architecture should revolve around the following principles: (i) banking,securities and insurance supervision should be further integrated;...

This paper uses a stochastic cost frontier model to investigate the efficiency of Britain’s private railways during the period 1893-1912. We find that there was substantial inefficiency in the industry with no sign of reduction over time. Our main conclusion is that principal agent problems...