For the purposes of calculation, context is irrelevant: one is expected to strip away the “contingent” details, slot bare numbers into the equations, and perform the relevant maths. Medical doctors must know this. So why, asked just such a question about the likelihood of a diagnostic test...

The paper documents the loca impacts of government efforts to improve housing standards and demand, enhance environmental quality and foster sustainable regeneration within low-income areas. Housing, the ocal environment and physical regeneration were core concerns for Labour as it...

[...]This paper begins by discussing poverty trends on a global scale -- where the poor are located in the world and how their numbers have been changing over time. It then discusses the relationship of economic growth and income distribution to poverty reduction. Finally, it suggests an...

This article examines the role of family and the state in relation to theliving standards of the elderly in East Asia. It tries to test whetherfamilial arrangement according to Confucian ethics, which are still takenseriously in East Asia, secures the minimum standards of living for theelderly....

In this study we pose two broad questions: what are the characteristics ofthe currently divorced; and who divorces? Divorce is used as an inclusiveterm to include separations from marriages and from cohabiting unions.In the first part data from the Family Resources Survey is used to identifythe...

This paper uses microdata from the United States, Britain, and Japan toexamine the effects of family leave coverage on women's employment afterchildbirth. Our three sample countries provide a range of family leavepolicy regimes. The United States had no national family leave legislationprior to...

East Enders tells the story of a hundred families who live in two of the lowestincome areas in the East End of London, Hackney and Newham. The East Endhas the biggest concentration of poverty in the capital. It lies at the heart of theThames Gateway, London’s major growth area.Nearly half the...

Since the mid-1990s the term and phenomenon of “social exclusion” has attractedmuch academic attention in the UK, and since 1997 has been an explicit focus ofgovernment policy. In a new book, CASE members examine the debate around themeaning of the term, and the extent and nature of problems...

Helen Bowman reports on interviews with 100 families in two low-income cityneighbourhoods, one in Sheffield and one in Leeds. Kirkside East is a large,mainly white, council estate in Leeds. The Valley is a mixed tenure, mixedincome, ethnically diverse area, stretching out of Sheffield city...

Katharine Mumford reports on her first round of interviews with 100 familiesliving in two East London neighbourhoods. CASE’s qualitative, longitudinalstudy in low income areas seeks to understand area change from theperspective of families, and to uncover the significance of area conditions...