, centralbanks have made extensive use of both new and existing toolsfor supplying central bank money to financial institutions …

modelof the behavior of parties, which for simplicity we refer to asbanks. Each bank has particular motivations and …

classified according their relative efficiency, it can be interpreted as an indicator of comparative advantage. Our results … significant loss of efficiency for the economy, such that only 50 out of 125 industries, accounting for 39 percent of the Spanish … the verge of relative efficiency.[...] …

This paper uses a stochastic cost frontier model to investigate the efficiency of Britain’s private railways during the … that private ownership per se is not sufficient to promote efficiency in the railway industry; it should be supported by …

at reducing fixed costs of entry (deregulation)and improving the efficiency of financial markets (financial reform …

answer around two proximate determinants: factors of productionand efficiency. It answers the question “how much of the cross …-country income variance canbe attributed to differences in (physical and human) capital, and how much to differencesin the efficiency … current consensus is that efficiency is at leastas important as capital in explaining income differences. I survey the data …

trading and reduce liquidity. In particular, wesuggest eliminating end-of-month maturities for two-year debtand integrating …