sustaining social exclusion. Testscores at school are the most effective predictor of many adult outcomes.School attendance and … thatcombinations of social disadvantage powerfully affect school performancewith up to 75% of school variation in 16 year old … attainment at GCSEassociated with pupil intake factors. But school factors can raise attainmentby up to 14 GCSE points for …

compare patterns of segregation across nineethnic groups, and across Local Education Authorities in England. Looking atboth … children are more segregated at school than in theirneighbourhood. We analyse the relative degree of segregation and show … thathigh population density is associated with high relative school segregation. …

Both educational attainment and school quality are typically lower indisadvantaged areas than others and much recent … ways that are not reflected by the usualindicators of disadvantage. School managers respond by adapting … quality. The paper argues thatbecause school processes and quality are affected by context, schoolimprovement in disadvantaged …

incentives and rewardsto promote student learning. Higher standards canincrease the effectiveness of school-leaving policies … academic achievement, rather thanage alone, would become the prerequisite for droppingout of school. Similarly, reductions in …

attendance impact of grading a school dominated alternatives such as employing more highly qualified teachers, or building …

From 1945 to 1975, fifteen Western European countries passed school-leaving age laws that raised the number of years of …