The focus of this study is to analyze the pattern and costs of services in four areas, which critically affect most households in Kerala . The major concerns of this paper include answers to questions such as: How much did Kerala households spend for education of their children, for treatment of...

For randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of education interventions, estimates of associations between student and mediating teacher practice outcomes can help examine the extent to which the data support the study's conceptual model. They can also identify mediators most associated with student...

In randomized control trials (RCTs) in the education field, the complier average causal effect (CACE) parameter is often of policy interest, because it pertains to intervention effects for students who receive a meaningful dose of treatment services. This article uses a causal inference and...

Some questions relevant in the context of ethics in social science research are: Does social science have peculiarities which are masked by discussions on science at large? Given the need for objectivity in scientific inquiry can theory laden-ness be kept sufficiently distinct from value...

Lead recycling is often supported through a well-functioning Deposit Refund System (DRS) in the market for batteries (branded and generic). In this system, people can get a discount on the purchase of a new battery if they return the used one to the retailer. While a DRS has existed in the...