This paper discusses the economics of the Internet backbone. I discuss competition on the Internet backbone as well as … relevant competition policy issues. In particular, I show how public protocols, ease of entry, very fast network expansion … large web site to multiple ISPs (customer multi-homing) enhance price competition and make it very unlikely that any firm …

carriers), and we point to the real danger that the intent of Congress in passing the 1996 Act to promote competition in … monopolized; and (ii) to leverage their monopoly power in the local market to the long distance market. We also discuss the wave …

telecommunications: a monopoly of the local telecommunications network, as well as a monopoly in retail local telecommunications services …. The 1996 Act allowed for competition in retail services and also imposed cost-based pricing on leases of Verizon’s network … competitors. Thus, Verizon used its monopoly of the network infrastructure to disadvantage entrants in retail. In doing so …

side” of the market) increases total industry surplus compared to the fully private optimum at which the monopoly platform … increases total surplus compared to duopoly competition between platforms that charge positive fees on content providers. We …

side” of the market) increases total industry surplus compared to the fully private optimum at which the monopoly platform … increases total surplus compared to duopoly competition between platforms that charge positive fees on content providers. We …