Facebook and Instagram. We first estimate advertising effectiveness at baseline across our broad sample. We then estimate the …

The financial motivation to earn advertising revenue by spreading misinformation has been widely conjectured to be … countered. In this work, we show how online misinformation is largely financially sustained via advertising, examine how … misinformation. First, we find that advertising on misinformation outlets is pervasive for companies across several industries and is …

advertising help answer this question? We present results from a large field experiment on Facebook and Instagram that documents … variance in advertisers' ability to generate returns to advertising. We focus on campaigns aimed at boosting sales and tie … advertising expenses to revenues for each advertiser. We find that spending on advertising led to significant increases in …

television and social media advertising. We find that television outlets whose viewers watch more television charge a lower price … more male audiences on television. Also consistent with the theory, we show that social media advertising markets feature a … trends in television advertising revenue. We use the model to quantify the impact of mergers, the effect of competition on …