region. We find that features of a country associated with more trade with either Japan or the United States also tend to be … associated with more DFI from Japan or the United States. U.S. economic relations with Japan and Western Europe provide an … important exception. Despite U.S. concern about its trade deficit with Japan, we find Japan to be much more open to the United …

Japan suggests that foreign firms sell five to six times more in Japan than is commonly believed. Previous studies severely … underestimated the stock of FDI in Japan due to poor data. Second, after finding that even after adjusting for various factors the … level of FDI in Japan is still low, the paper explores explanations for this phenomenon. A second main conclusion is that …

Within Japanese multinational firms, parent exports from Japan to a foreign region are positively related to production … in that region by affiliates of that parent, given the parent's home production in Japan and the region's size and income …

opposite tendency. Taking population, per capita income, factor endowments, and distance into account, we find Japan to be more …