model to trust? We provide comprehensive guidance for selecting and applying NLP representations of patent text. We develop … expert and non-expert judgments of patent similarity. State-of-the-art language models significantly outperform traditional … approaches such as TF-IDF. Using our validated representations, we measure a secular decline in contemporaneous patent similarity …

-based innovation system. We develop an analytical model where startups are more efficient at solving technical challenges and …

information about cooperative licensing and the timing of patent allowances (the administrative event when patent rights are … significantly increases after patent allowance. Moreover, the impact of the patent system depends on the strategic and institutional … environment in which firms operate. Patent allowance seems to play a particularly important role for technologies with longer …

of innovation and imitation, we explore how inventive capability affects a firm's R&D investments, and thus whether and … innovation and the division of innovative labor among US manufacturing firms, we find that high capability firms tend to use …

This paper examines the relation between ownership, corporate form, and innovation for a cross-section of private and …: while most innovating firms in the US are publicly traded conglomerates, a substantial fraction of innovation is … countries, where business groups tend to be concentrated in industries with a slower and more fundamental innovation cycle and …

Crowdsourcing is an emerging technology where innovation and production are sourced out to the public through an open … fact that the exact difficulties of innovation tasks may not be known in advance, so tasks that require high-skill labor …

This article adopts a marketing perspective to examine how blockchain technology can facilitate innovation by … between inventors and developers when it comes to licensing IP before a patent is granted. Developers need more information …

When startup innovation involves a potentially disruptive technology - initially lagging in the predominant performance … commercialization with the startup. While the prevailing theory of disruptive innovation suggests that this will lead to (exclusively …

their inward looking or exploitationʺ attitude in R&D and innovation. We argue that because of sunk costs and learning … size. We find that the US States populated by larger firms show a higher share of patent self-citations normalized by their … exhibits a significant effect on patent self-citations normalized by patent shares. This supports our point that the inward …