About 11% of the Chinese population are rural-urban migrants with a rural hukou that severely restricts their children …'s access to urban schools. As a result, 69 million children are left behind in rural areas. We use two regression … than sons. Although China's hukou mobility restrictions are not gender-specific in intent, they have larger adverse effects …

This paper shows how parental preferences for sons versus daughters affect divorce, child custody, marriage, shotgun … marriage when the sex of the child is known before birth, and fertility stopping rules. We document that parents with girls are … likely to be married at delivery. When we turn to fertility, we find that in families with at least two children, the …

We estimate the impact of increases in family size on childhood and adult outcomes using matched mother-child data from … omitted factors we find that families face a substantial quantity-quality trade-off: increases in family size decrease … children of mothers with low AFQT scores …

This paper explores the importance of the home and school environments in explaining the gender gap in disruptive … behavior. We document large differences in the gender gap across key features of the home environment - boys do especially …-cognitive returns to parental inputs differ markedly by gender. Broken families are associated with worse parental inputs and boys' non …

on several economically-important beliefs and preferences. Among many results, non-binary individuals report more gender …-based discrimination and express different career and life aspirations, including less desire for children. Anti-non-binary sentiment is …

This chapter reviews the data and literature on gender, race and ethnicity differences in research funding in the … United States and Europe. The gender gap in research funding has closed at the National Science Foundation and National … definitive conclusions in the face of contradictory evidence on the gender funding gap. We conclude that access to high …

younger people; between developed and developing countries; and by other demographic characteristics such as gender, marital …