By providing feedback to customers on home electricity and natural gas usage with a focus on peer comparisons … conducted by utility companies providing electricity (the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD)) and electricity and …

sensitive to changes in import prices. Although import price fluctuations had a much greater impact on U.S. production than …This paper presents new annual estimates of U.S. production of pig iron and imports of pig iron products dating back to … role of the tariff in fostering the industry's early development. Domestic pig iron production is found to be highly …

following state-level legislation that ended cost-of-service regulation of electricity generation. I find that deregulated … techniques relative to matched plants that were not subject to any regulatory change. Deregulation also led to a shift toward …

residential electricity market, we document evidence of consumer inertia. We estimate an econometric model of retail choice to …

We examine the bidding behavior of firms competing on ERCOT, the hourly electricity balancing market in Texas. We … contributed to productive inefficiency in this newly restructured market, along with efficiency losses due to the close-to optimal …

This paper measures changes in electricity generation costs caused by the introduction of market mechanisms to … electricity demand and unit-level costs, capacities, and output. To address the potentially confounding effects of unrelated fuel … markets for counterfactual production patterns. I find that markets reduce production costs by $3B per year by reallocating …

deregulation, against efficiency in the real economy, which is aided by tighter regulation and a more stable supply of credit. We …Financial regulation is often framed as a question of economic efficiency. This paper, by contrast, puts the … levels of welfare for the two parties. A regulator has to trade off efficiency in the financial sector, which is aided by …

more than one-third of all U.S. nuclear capacity. We find that deregulation and consolidation are associated with a 10 … average wholesale prices the value of this increased efficiency is approximately $2.5 billion annually and implies an annual … companies owning only one or two reactors. Beginning in the late 1990s electricity markets in many states were deregulated and …

-owned plants, whose owners were largely insulated from these reforms, experienced the smallest efficiency gains, while investor …-owned plants in states that restructured their wholesale electricity markets improved the most. The results suggest modest medium …-term efficiency benefits from replacing regulated monopoly with a market-based industry structure …

volatility for rural households. Furthermore, household production shifts into high-risk, high-return activities …