less skilled and their employment responses to adverse employment shocks. Following program liberalization in 1984, DI …

. Adverse impacts of import competition on manufacturing employment, overall employment-population ratios, and income per capita … competition implies a reduction in the manufacturing employment-population ratio of 1.54 percentage points, which is 55% of the … employment rate. Reductions in population headcounts, which indicate net out-migration, register only for foreign-born workers …

proxy for in-person attendance at US K-12 schools using smartphone data from Safegraph and measure female employment, hours … associated with significant increases in employment and hours among married women with school-aged children, with no measurable … effects on labor supply in comparison groups. Employment effects of school reopenings are concentrated among mothers of older …

cumulatively preserved between 2 and 3 million job-years of employment over 14 months at a cost of $170K to $257K per job … employment subsidies or business liquidity when the next pandemic or other large-scale economic emergency occurs, as it surely …

as they expand AI hiring. However, we find no discernible relationship between AI exposure and employment or wage growth …