, Japanese firms resembled U.S. multinationals. A Japanese parent's employment, given the level of its production, tends to be … similar to that of Swedish firms, but contrasts with that of U.S. firms. U.S. firms appear to reduce employment at home …-wage countries. We conclude that in Japanese firms and ancillary employment at home to service foreign operations outweighs any …

Despite the persistent fears that production abroad by U.S. multinationals reduces employment at home, there has, in … fact, been almost no aggregate shift of production or employment to foreign countries. Some continuing shifts to foreign … associated with lower employment at home for a given level of production. The reason is that U.S. multinationals tend to allocate …

proxy for in-person attendance at US K-12 schools using smartphone data from Safegraph and measure female employment, hours … associated with significant increases in employment and hours among married women with school-aged children, with no measurable … effects on labor supply in comparison groups. Employment effects of school reopenings are concentrated among mothers of older …