.e., the participation cycle, which are important for the implementation of the maximum employment mandate. We show that these … pressures on employment from participation are two-thirds that of unemployment. Moreover, the participation cycle delays the … recovery in employment because it lags the unemployment cycle. It also amplifies the unevenness of the impact of recessions …

.25 percent per year. In the medium term, labor-quality growth could be lower or even negative, should employment rates of low … decline in employment of low-skilled workers continues and whether the Great Recession pickup in educational attainment …