Does regulation affect the pace and nature of innovation and if so, by how much? We build a tractable and quantifiable … sharp reduction in the firm's innovation response to exogenous demand shocks for firms just below the regulatory threshold …. We then quantitatively fit the parameters of the model to the data, finding that innovation at the macro level is about 5 …

ability to defend themselves against litigation. We find that NPE litigation has a real negative impact on innovation at … innovation in the industries in which they are most prevalent …