labor regulation of partners because intraindustry trade was important. The New World exported less differentiated products …

What drives globalization today and in the past? We employ a new micro-founded measure of bilateral trade costs based …

. Late nineteenth century trade globalization may have helped generate the "first wave" of democratization. Between 1920 and … 1938 countries more exposed to international trade were less likely to become authoritarian. Finally, our post-World War II …

, Europe, and Oceania for the period from 1870 to 2000 and demonstrate an overriding role for declining trade costs in the pre-World … War I trade boom. In contrast, for the post-World War II trade boom we identify changes in output as the dominant force …

, with the spread of globalization, there is a new periphery, Asia, but the same old core, the United States, with the same … interest. This image of the current system as Bretton Woods reborn also overlooks how the world has changed since the 1960s … resembling the Bretton Woods System, it is not long for this world …

world, using recently developed instruments for institutions and trade. Our results indicate that the quality of …