, Japanese firms resembled U.S. multinationals. A Japanese parent's employment, given the level of its production, tends to be … similar to that of Swedish firms, but contrasts with that of U.S. firms. U.S. firms appear to reduce employment at home …-wage countries. We conclude that in Japanese firms and ancillary employment at home to service foreign operations outweighs any …

greater flexibility in wages, these two countries also exhibit more stable employment behavior over the business cycle. In …

Japanese industry, and have effects on employment and output in sectors producing tradeable goods. This paper presents … estimate the impact of swings in the effective real exchange rate of the dollar and the yen on manufacturing employment and … the U.S. employment. These results are part of a larger research project to estimate the effects of the movements in the …

countries. In the present study, we overview the employment trend of the elderly in Japan, and examine what factors have … less physically demanding jobs have allowed the elderly to stay longer in the labor force. However, elderly employment … been a key driver of the long-term trend change in elderly employment. A series of social security reforms have helped …