We document and analyze the emergence of a substantial gender gap in mathematics in the early years of schooling using … score gap that appears over these same ages. We document the presence of this gender math gap across every strata of society …, we find that earlier results linking the gender gap in math to measures of gender equality are sensitive to the inclusion …

The closing of the gender wage gap is an ongoing phenomenon in industrialized countries. However, research has been … limited in its ability to understand the causes of these changes, due in part to an inability to directly compare the work of … women to that of men. In this study, we use a new approach for analyzing changes in the gender pay gap that uses direct …

favoritism nor discrimination by gender, findings that are robust to a wide variety of potential concerns. We observe … heterogeneity in both discrimination and favoritism by nationality and by gender in the distributions of graders' preferences. We …