of the developing world introduces patent protection for new drug products. This may lead to more research on drugs to … those already offering such protection the situation offers a unique opportunity to examine the incentive role of patent … provides a baseline' against which future research activity can be compared once the new global patent regime is fully …

, and the consequences of the decision taken by the South for welfare in the North and for efficiency of the world … producer selling some good to an integrated world market. In this competition, only the Northern firm has the ability to … conduct R&D in order to lower its production costs, but the Southern firm can imitate costlessly if patent protection for …

As countries reform their patent laws to be in compliance with the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement …, an important question is how increased patent protection will affect drug prices in low-income countries. Using …

. The purpose is to document the ways in which patent systems are products of battles over the economic surplus from … innovation. The features of these systems take shape as interests at different points in the production chain seek advantage in …-style patent systems with all their imperfections have come to dominate other methods of encouraging inventive activity. The essays …

Patent counts are very imperfect measures of innovative output. This paper discusses how additional data-the number of … years a patent is renewed and the number of countries in which protection for the same invention is sought - can be used to … improve on counts in studies which require a measure of the extent of innovation. A simple renewal based weighting scheme is …

countries from 2000-2013. The World Trade Organization required its member countries to implement a minimum level of patent …We examine the effect of pharmaceutical patent protection on the speed of drug launch, price, and quantity in 60 … protection within a specified time period as part of the TRIPS Agreement. However, members retained the right to impose price …

pharmaceutical patent protection alone does not stimulate domestic innovation, as estimated by the US patent awards (both raw counts …Research on the effects of patent protection on innovation and technology transfer in the cross-country pharmaceutical … either. Imports, however, did flourish. Second, national patent law implementation demonstrates conditional importance for …

We consider the differential incentives of the North and the South to provide patent protection to innovating firms in … development of technologies most suited to their needs. This provides a motive for the South to provide patent protection even … when it constitutes a small share of the world market and hence has strong free riding incentives otherwise. A benevolent …