innovation distinguishing between "dirty" (internal combustion engine) and "clean" (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 … tax-inclusive fuel prices. Furthermore, there is path dependence in the type of innovation both from aggregate spillovers … and from the firm's own innovation history. Using our model we simulate the increases in carbon taxes needed to allow …

vertical integration in terms of investment incentives …

product market competition interact with the strength of patent rights. We provide empirical evidence of innovation responding …, that patent protection can complement competition in inducing innovation …Can patent protection and product market competition complement each other in enhancing incentives to innovate? In this …

-by-step innovation. Innovations result from costly R&D investments and move technology up one step. Competition is inversely measured by …-and-neck. All these results are consistent with the predictions of step-by-step innovation models …

We examine how credit constraints affect the cyclical behavior of productivity-enhancing investment and thereby … volatility and growth. We first develop a simple growth model where firms engage in two types of investment: a short-term one and … a long-term productivity-enhancing one. Because it takes longer to complete, long-term investment has a relatively less …

This paper investigates the relationship between product market competition (PMC) and innovation. A growth model is … reduce innovation incentives for laggards. There are four key predictions. First, the relationship between product market … competition (PMC) and innovation is an inverted U-shape. Second, the equilibrium degree of technological neck-and-neckness' among …

negatively affect innovation in low productivity firms. We test this prediction with patent, customs and production data covering …This paper investigates the effect of export shocks on innovation. On the one hand a positive shock increases market … size and therefore innovation incentives for all firms. On the other hand it increases competition as more firms enter the …