, partly in response to policies. Our results suggest that more segregated countries in terms of ethnicity and language, i …

characteristics and on countries' regulatory differences. We show that individual characteristics, such as gender, age, and status in …

' willingness to work with different coauthors. There are only small gender differences in the impacts of age on numbers of …

favoritism nor discrimination by gender, findings that are robust to a wide variety of potential concerns. We observe … heterogeneity in both discrimination and favoritism by nationality and by gender in the distributions of graders' preferences. We …