-relevant counterfactual. As an example, we suggest considering the effect of reducing the marriage penalty' in the earned-income tax credit … (EITC) that makes the credit essentially unavailable to two-earner couples. The EITC marriage penalty counterfactual, like …

either a concept-based, general' education or a skill-specific, vocational' education. General education is more costly to … policies favor vocational education will grow slower in equilibrium than one that favors general education. Moreover, the gap … education subsidy policy we demonstrate that the optimal subsidy for general education increases with the growth rate of …