Canadian immigrants at the time of immigration fall short of the earnings of comparable Canadian-born individuals, and (2 … recent changes in Canadian immigration policy, labor market discrimination against visible minorities, and the prolonged …

skills declined following changes in Canada's immigration policies in 1974 that led to a sharp increase in the proportion of … complete until 13 to 22 years after entry into Canada. These results are revealed clearly in both the pseudo-longitudinal and … increases with their duration of stay in Canada, and since there are no differential immigrant-native changes in higher …

of Irish Famine immigration and was at the forefront of industrialization in the United States. Voters in towns with more …

United States maintained open borders. Using a novel dataset of Norway-to-US migrants, we estimate the return to migration … while accounting for migrant selection across households by comparing migrants with their brothers who stayed in Norway. We … also compare the fathers of migrants and non-migrants by wealth and occupation, and examine migrants' assimilation in the …

Migration (1850-1913). Return migrants were somewhat negatively selected from the migrant pool: Norwegian immigrants who … moving to the US. Upon returning to Norway, return migrants held higher-paid occupations than Norwegians who never moved … despite being negatively selected, return migrants were able to accumulate savings and improve their economic circumstances …