often pay a wage premium (or wage cushion) to individual workers. We use administrative data from Portugal, linked to …

Portugal from 1995-2004, we describe temporal patterns of firms' demand for labor and estimate production-functions and …

THS. Linked employer-employee data for Portugal enable us to account for observable as well as unobservable worker quality …

-fifth of the cross-sectional gender wage gap in Portugal …

the U.S. Air Force Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program that transitioned from "Conventional topics," which … innovation even in less specific Conventional topics. The results suggest that government (and perhaps private sector) innovation …

If innovation is to be subsidized, a natural place to start is to increase the quantity and quality of human capital …. Innovation, after all, begins with people. Simply stimulating the "demand side" through R&D subsidies and tax breaks may only … can both directly increase innovation and reduce its cost. This paper examines the evidence on human capital policies for …

Many countries provide financial incentives to spur innovation, ranging from tax incentives to research and development … grants. In this paper, we study how such financial incentives affect individuals' decisions to pursue careers in innovation … innovation are extremely skewed - with the top 1% of inventors collecting more than 22% of total inventors' income - and are …

Does regulation affect the pace and nature of innovation and if so, by how much? We build a tractable and quantifiable … sharp reduction in the firm's innovation response to exogenous demand shocks for firms just below the regulatory threshold …. We then quantitatively fit the parameters of the model to the data, finding that innovation at the macro level is about 5 …