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Supervisory and monitoring costs are explored to understand aspects of occupational segregation by sex. Around the turn of this century 47 percent of all female manufacturing operatives were paid by the piece, but only 13 percent of the males were. There were very few males and females employed...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012477525
The history of coeducation in U.S. higher education is explored through an analysis of a database containing information on all institutions offering four-year undergraduate degrees that operated in 1897, 1924, 1934, or 1980, most of which still exist today. These data reveal surprises about the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012462376
Occupations are segregated by sex today, but were far more segregated in the early to mid-twentieth century when married women began to enter the labor force in large numbers. It is difficult to rationalize sex segregation and 'wage discrimination' on the basis of men's taste for distance from...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012469729
In the past two decades gender pay differences have narrowed considerably and a declining significance of gender has pervaded the labor market in numerous ways. This paper contends that in the first several decades of the twentieth century there was a rising significance of gender. The emergence...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012469799
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003681819
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10001511998
The fraction of U.S. college graduate women entering professional programs increased substantially around 1970 and the age at first marriage among all U.S. college graduate women soared just after 1972. We explore the relationship between these two changes and how each was shaped by the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012471247
This essay is the companion piece to about 550 individual data series on education to be included in the updated Historical Statistics of the United States, Millennial Edition (Cambridge University Press 2000, forthcoming). The essay reviews the broad outlines of U.S. educational history from...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012471513
Economic inequality is higher today than it has been since 1939, as measured by both the wage structure and wealth … inequality. But the comparison between 1939 and 1999 is largely made out of necessity; the 1940 U.S. population census was the … contributing factor to the decrease in educational returns. Inequality and the returns to education across the entire century …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012471668
The impact of the pandemic on the employment, labor supply, and caregiving of women is assessed. Compared with previous recessions, that induced by COVID-19 impacted women's employment and labor force participation more relative to men. But the big divide was less between men and women than it...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013191069