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Marriage Bars : Discrimination Against Married Women Workers, 1920's to 1950's

Goldin, Claudia - National Bureau of Economic Research - 1988

Modern personnel practices, social consensus, and the Depression acted in concert to delay the emergence of married women in the American economy through an institution known as the "marriage bar." Marriage bars were policies adopted by firms and local school boards, from about the early 1900's...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012476313

The Political Economy of Immigration Restriction in the United States, 1890 to 1921

Goldin, Claudia - National Bureau of Economic Research - 1993

Anti-immigrant forces almost succeeded in passing restrictive legislation in 1897, but their plan did not ultimately materialize for another twenty years. During that time 17 million Europeans from among the poorest nations came to the United States. This paper explores the economic and...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012474614

The New Lifecycle of Women’s Employment : Disappearing Humps, Sagging Middles, Expanding Tops

Goldin, Claudia; Mitchell, Joshua - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2016

A new lifecycle of women's employment emerged with cohorts born in the 1950s. For prior cohorts, lifecycle employment … new lifecycle of employment is initially high and flat, there is a dip in the middle and a phasing out that is more … and greater labor force recovery for those who take paid or unpaid leave. Increased employment of women in their older …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012455767

Women Working Longer : Facts and Some Explanations

Goldin, Claudia; Katz, Lawrence F. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2016

cohorts. It would appear that employment at older ages could stagnate or even decrease. But several other factors will be …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012456072

When the Kids Grow Up : Women's Employment and Earnings across the Family Cycle

Goldin, Claudia; Pekkala Kerr, Sari; Olivetti, Claudia - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022

Women earn less than men, and that is especially true of mothers relative to fathers. Much of the widening occurs after family formation when mothers reduce their hours of work. But what happens when the kids grow up? To answer that question, we estimate three earning gaps: the "motherhood...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013361978