This paper characterizes the dynamic effects of shocks in government spending and taxes on economic activity in the … the automatic response of taxes and spending to activity, and, by implication, to infer fiscal shocks. The results … negative effect. The multipliers for both spending and tax shocks are typically small. Turning to the effects of taxes and …

percentage point of GDP increase in taxes leads to a decline in GDP by about 1.5 percentage points after 3 years. I also create … between different types of taxes (personal, corporate, indirect, and social security) and their subcomponents …