This paper studies the economic consequences of the West's foray into China after the Opium War (1839-42), when Western … nature of China's capital markets. Whereas before the Opium War, coastal cities were of relatively minor importance, the … treaty port system of the West transformed China into an economy focused on coastal areas and on international trade that …

The First Opium War (1840-42) was a watershed in the history of China. In its aftermath Britain and other countries …-organized under Western management, Western legal institutions were introduced in China in form of courts and legal practices, and … foreigners in China were tried according to the laws of their country of origin (extraterritoriality). To better understand the …

This paper studies the trade of China in the past 150 years, starting from the first opening of China after the Opium … War. The main purpose of the paper is to identify what is (and was) China's 'normal' level of foreign trade, and how these … levels changed under different trade regimes, from 1840 to the present. We present new evidence on China's foreign trade …

compares the actual performance of markets in Europe and China, two regions of the world that were relatively advanced in the … findings suggest that relative levels of market function in China and Europe were similar prior to the Industrial Revolution …

How much of China's recent economic performance can be attributed to market-oriented reforms introduced in the last two … paper compares the integration of rice markets in China today and 270 years ago. In the 18th century, transport technology … pattern of interregional income in China is strongly linked to persistent geographic factors that were already apparent …

Many studies of regional disparity in China have focused on the preferential policies received by the coastal provinces …

Broadly speaking, two schools of thought have emerged to interpret China's rapid growth since 1978:the experimentalist … school and the convergence school. The experimentalist school attributes China's successes to the evolutionary, experimental …, and incremental nature of China's reforms. Specifically, the resulting non-capitalist institutions are said to be …

ventures in China from 1998 to 2007--roughly a quarter of all international joint ventures in the world--we find, first, that … virtually absent in broad sectors that include economic activities for which China's FDI policy has prohibited joint ventures …

factor costs, China's economic geography as it influences trade costs, as well as the degree of regional diversity in … China in the 19th century were relatively low …

and compare capital market development in Britain and China. Interest rates for Britain were lower than China's on average … are twice those of the Delta, and three or more times as high as elsewhere in China. Overall, our results suggest capital …