relationship between the market structure of the banking industry and bank fragility, this paper studies the impact of bank … concentration, bank regulations, and national institutions on the likelihood of suffering a systemic banking crisis. Using data on … 70 countries from 1980 to 1997, we find that crises are less likely in economies with (i) more concentrated banking …

and corruption in raising external finance, which is consistent with political/regulatory capture theories. Creating a …

specific regulatory and supervisory practices and banking-sector development, efficiency, and fragility. The paper examines: (i …) regulatory restrictions on bank activities and the mixing of banking and commerce; (ii) regulations on domestic and foreign bank …

" banking outcomes. Although railroads improved economic conditions along their routes, we offer evidence of another channel …

The passage of the National Banking Acts stabilized the existing financial system and encouraged the entry of 729 banks …

performance of banking systems. Since the underlying surveys are large and complex, we construct summary indices of key bank … regulatory and supervisory policies to facilitate cross-country comparisons and analyses of changes in banking policies over time …