Studies have shown a connection between finance and growth, but most do not consider how financial and real factors … database linked to a census of banking. These data indicate that those counties that already had a bank were more likely to see … railroad. The initial banking system thus helped establish the rail system, while the rapid expansion of railroads helped fill …

A nationwide banking panic forced President Franklin Roosevelt to declare a nationwide banking holiday immediately … concerning the conventional wisdom regarding intervening in a banking system amidst a systemic crisis …