The First Opium War (1840-42) was a watershed in the history of China. In its aftermath Britain and other countries …-organized under Western management, Western legal institutions were introduced in China in form of courts and legal practices, and … foreigners in China were tried according to the laws of their country of origin (extraterritoriality). To better understand the …

ventures in China from 1998 to 2007--roughly a quarter of all international joint ventures in the world--we find, first, that … virtually absent in broad sectors that include economic activities for which China's FDI policy has prohibited joint ventures …

This paper studies the economic consequences of the West's foray into China after the Opium War (1839-42), when Western … nature of China's capital markets. Whereas before the Opium War, coastal cities were of relatively minor importance, the … treaty port system of the West transformed China into an economy focused on coastal areas and on international trade that …