by U.S. firms in electronics and computer-related machinery. The U.S. firms were followed, in electronics, by Japanese … Japanese firms played somewhat different roles. U.S. firms' investments were always distributed more along the lines of U ….S. export comparative advantage, far from the previous patterns of the host countries. The industry distribution of Japanese …

Japanese economy and can be expected to continue to do so in the future. We find that outward investment has helped Japanese … firms to sustain foreign market shares and contributed to the restructuring of the Japanese economy away from older … Japanese firms, particularly those of multinational manufacturing firms. However, Japanese outward FDI is still not very large …

Within Japanese multinational firms, parent exports from Japan to a foreign region are positively related to production … level. This relationship is similar to that found for Swedish and U.S. multinationals in parallel studies. A Japanese parent …, Japanese firms resembled U.S. multinationals. A Japanese parent's employment, given the level of its production, tends to be …

U.S. affiliate shares of aggregate output while India, China, and Korea had the smallest. The countries with the largest …