semiparametric fixed-effects Tobit model, we regress patent counts on a series of policy variables within a state and a spatially …

patent citations to compare the social value of alternative energy research to other types of R&D that may be crowded out … climate R&D in two sectors - alternative energy and automotive manufacturing. Linking patent data and financial data by firm … patent citation data to compare the social value of alternative energy patents to other patents by these firms. Alternative …

Members of a patent pool agree to use a set of patents as if they were jointly owned by all members and license them as … the first patent pool in U.S. history, the Sewing Machine Combination (1856-1877) to perform the first empirical test of … the effects of a patent pool on innovation. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the sewing machine pool appears to have …

energy. The analysis is conducted using patent data on a panel of 25 countries over the period 1978-2003. It is found that … public policy plays a significant role in determining patent applications. Different types of policy instruments are …

patent. The discovery of the periodic table in 1869 offers an opportunity to test this idea. Exhibition data show that …

combines plant-level data on U.S. coal-fired electric power plants with patent data pertaining to NOx pollution control …

This paper uses patent citation data to study flows of knowledge across time and across institutions in the field of … of the accumulated knowledge available to inventors. Patent citations are used to represent this quality. This paper …

Using patent data from the United States, Japan, and Germany, this paper examines both the innovation and diffusion of … regulations later nonetheless purchase pollution abatement equipment from domestic firms. However, patent citation data from the U …

have used patent data to examine the links between environmental policy and technological change. In addition, I have used …

The impacts of two recent changes in US patent policy depend on the length of time it takes for an invention to go … debates. We use data on U.S. patent applications and grants to determine the factors influencing the length of the patent … examination process. We augment this analysis with interviews of patent examiners, leading to a better understanding of the …