fertility of an innovation in generating more innovations cannot be observed. The menu of patent scope can be implemented with …

, the forces of innovation and diffusion combine to shape trade substitution patterns. Innovation makes a country … technological similarity and increases head-to-head competition. In the special case of an innovation-only model where countries do … observable trade flows and the dynamics of innovation and knowledge diffusion …

This paper is an attempt to explain diffusion in the production of an innovation. Diffusion in production is defined as … innovation. The principal variable that explains diffusion of entry is the demonstration effect. The principal variable that …

). We present models in the literature that extend the EK model of trade to innovation, diffusion, and multinational firms …

development of new energy technologies (Popp, 2017). Energy innovation tends to consist of a series of partially overlapping …

This paper estimates the social returns to investments in innovation. The disparate spillovers associated with … innovation, including imitation, business stealing, and intertemporal spillovers, have made calculations of the social returns … under conservative assumptions, innovation efforts produce social benefits that are many multiples of the investment costs …

This paper studies how insurance coverage policies affect incentives for pharmaceutical innovation. In the United …

Innovation policy involves trading off monopoly output and pricing in the short run in exchange for incentives for …

I survey some recent research on the role of patents in encouraging innovation and growth in developing economies … discuss research on the implications of patents for international technology transfer and domestic innovation. This is … performance, and the impact on pharmaceutical patenting and domestic innovation. The conclusion suggests that patents may be …