: local returns to scale in innovation, the elasticity of housing supply, and the importance of local amenities. Even if there … are global increasing returns, the returns to local scale in innovation may be decreasing, and that makes networks more …

Industrial Revolution? We argue that Britain possessed an important but underappreciated innovation advantage: British inventors … worked in technologies that were more central within the innovation network. We offer a new approach for measuring the … innovation network using patent data from Britain and France in the late-18th and early-19th century. We show that the network …

linked fields. Our analysis uses 1.8 million U.S. patents and their citation properties to map the innovation network and its … strength. Past innovation network structures are calculated using citation patterns across technology classes during 1975 … predictive power on future innovation after 1995. This pattern is consistent with the idea that when there is more past upstream …